Urethral cancer is a rare form of cancer that can affect both men and women, though it is more commonly diagnosed in women. This cancer involves the urethra, the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder in both sexes—and semen in men—to the outside of the body. In women, the urethra is located just in front of the vagina, while in men it passes through the prostate gland and penis.

While the exact cause of urethral cancer is not known, certain factors may increase the risk:

  • Sexually transmitted infections, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Urethral structural problems in men, such as scarring or narrowing that restricts urine flow

  • Chronic urinary tract infections or urethral diverticulum (a small pouch) in women

Urethral cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms at first. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

  • A mass or growth in the urethra

  • Pain or bleeding during urination

  • Difficulty urinating due to narrowing of the urethra

At AUCNY, our urologists use a thorough approach to accurately diagnose urethral cancer:

  • Medical history and physical examination – review of symptoms, personal and family history, social habits (including smoking), and a focused bladder and pelvic/rectal exam

  • Cystoscopy – a thin, camera-equipped tube is inserted into the urethra to look for abnormal tissue

  • Imaging tests – chest X-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan, or bone scan to evaluate the tumor’s size, location, and possible spread

  • Biopsy – a small tissue sample is examined under a microscope to confirm the presence and type of cancer

It is important to distinguish urethral cancer from other non-cancerous conditions that may cause similar symptoms, including:

  • Sexually transmitted infections or urethral caruncle

  • Urinary tract infections

  • Urethral strictures or diverticulum

If diagnosed with urethral cancer, your AUCNY urologist will develop a personalized treatment plan based on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as your overall health.

Treatment options may include:

  • Surgery – removal of the tumor or, in some cases, the entire urethra or surrounding structures; some patients may require cystectomy and urinary diversion

  • Chemotherapy – targeted medications to destroy cancer cells

  • Radiation therapy – our partners at Advanced Radiation Centers of New York (ARC) provide state-of-the-art radiation treatments at facilities conveniently located near you

For more information about radiation therapy options, visit ARC.

Take the Next Step in Your Care

Urethral cancer is rare but serious. If you notice unusual symptoms such as bleeding, pain, or changes in urination, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with an AUCNY urologist today. Early evaluation and treatment can make a significant difference in outcomes, and our team is here to provide compassionate, expert care every step of the way.

Take the Next Step in Your Care

Urethral cancer is rare but serious. If you notice unusual symptoms such as bleeding, pain, or changes in urination, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with an AUCNY urologist today. Early evaluation and treatment can make a significant difference in outcomes, and our team is here to provide compassionate, expert care every step of the way.