Microscopic Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)

Microscopic hematuria occurs when red blood cells leak from the bloodstream into the urine in amounts too small to be seen with the naked eye. These cells are only detectable under a microscope. This is different from gross hematuria, where the urine appears visibly red or blood-tinged. While microscopic hematuria may seem harmless, it is important to identify the underlying cause. Your AUCNY urologist will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the source of the blood and recommend the most appropriate treatment.

Microscopic Hematuria

MATTHEW L. WOOLLEY

Several medical conditions and lifestyle factors can contribute to the presence of blood in the urine:

  • Urinary tract infection (UTI): May be symptomless or cause frequent urination, burning or pain, and strong urinary odor.

  • Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Often accompanied by fever, flank pain, and UTI symptoms.

  • Kidney or bladder stones: Crystallized particles that can cause severe pain, blockages, or no symptoms at all.

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged prostate common in men over 50.

  • Kidney disease: Various kidney conditions can cause leakage of blood cells into urine.

  • Cancers of the urinary tract: Including kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer.

  • Vigorous exercise: Especially distance running.

  • Other causes: Inherited disorders, kidney trauma, and medications such as blood thinners or NSAIDs (arthritis pain relievers).

Some individuals are at higher risk, including:

  • Men over the age of 50 (due to BPH or prostate-related conditions)

  • Those with recent infections of the kidneys, prostate, or urinary tract

  • Patients with a family history of kidney disease

  • Individuals taking blood thinners or anti-inflammatory medications

  • Athletes engaged in vigorous or long-distance exercise

To identify the cause, your AUCNY urologist may recommend one or more of the following:

  • Comprehensive medical history & physical exam (including bladder, rectal, or pelvic evaluation)

  • Blood tests to assess kidney function and related health issues

  • Urine testing to confirm the presence of blood and possible infection

  • Imaging studies (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound) to detect stones, tumors, or structural abnormalities

  • Cystoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure using a small camera to examine the bladder and urethra

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is required. For others, prescription medications, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery may be necessary. Once testing is complete, your AUCNY urologist will create a personalized care plan designed to address the source of the problem and restore urinary health.

Take the Next Step in Your Care

Microscopic hematuria can be a sign of an underlying condition. Don’t wait—schedule your evaluation today.

Take the Next Step in Your Care

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